Augmented Reality-Assisted PLC Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Student Motivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jm.v48.566Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, Programmable Logic Controller.Abstract
Laboratory experience is crucial in engineering education, as it enables students to design and conduct real experiments, fostering the development of their specific skills and aptitudes. However, students often face challenges when working with complex laboratory equipment, leading to longer experiment completion times. Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) offer the potential to enhance the learning experience by alleviating these difficulties. These technologies also improve concept comprehension and overall understanding of experiments. In this paper, we present an augmented reality application for a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) experiment, designed to assist students in operating laboratory equipment more easily. The study investigates the impact of AR on students' laboratory skills, learning methods, and motivation through effectiveness results. A total of 35 participants from the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering were introduced to AR technology. The study validates the effectiveness of AR using a questionnaire-based survey completed at the end of the experiment. Additionally, the study provides a comparative analysis of improvement percentages (POI) by examining data such as Task Completion Time (TCT), error counts, and the number of hints used in both paper-based and AR-based instruction experiments. Furthermore, this study assesses the understanding of MR applications. The findings suggest that AR and MR technologies are highly suitable for engineering education, offering efficiency and substantial benefits to students.
References
Scaravetti, D., & Doroszewski, D. (2019). Augmented Reality experiment in higher education, for complex system appropriation in mechanical design. Procedia CIRP, 84, 197–202.
Khan, T., Johnston, K., & Ophoff, J. (2019). The impact of an augmented reality application on learning motivation of students. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2019, 1–14.
Garzón, J., Pavón, J., & Baldiris, S. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmented reality in educational settings. Virtual Reality, 23(4), 447–459.
Rokhsaritalemi, S., Sadeghi-Niaraki, A., & Choi, S.-M. (2020). A review on mixed reality: Current trends, challenges and prospects. Applied Sciences, 10(2), 636.
Chen, H., et al. (2018). Understanding the characteristics of mobile augmented reality applications. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), 128–138.
Mahzan, M. F. bin. (2019). Development of an augmented reality application for experimental work in pneumatic lab.
Hartikainen, S., et al. (2019). The concept of active learning and the measurement of learning outcomes: A review of research in engineering higher education. Education Sciences, 9(4), 276.
Rahman, A. E. (2022). Universiti Putra Malaysia [Personal communication].
N. A., N. C., & Brandão, M. P. (2020). Augmented reality tools applied to Alzheimer's disease research.
Wiederhold, B. K. (2019). Is augmented reality the next frontier in behavioral health? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(2), 101–102.
Harrington, C. M., et al. (2018). Development and evaluation of a trauma decision-making simulator in Oculus virtual reality. The American Journal of Surgery, 215(1), 42–47.
Caudell, T. P., & Mizell, D. W. (1992). Augmented reality: An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2, 659–669.
Pope, H. (2018). Introduction to virtual and augmented reality. Library Technology Reports, 54(6).
Tang, A. K. Y. (2017). Key factors in the triumph of Pokémon GO. Business Horizons, 60(5), 725–728.
Manzerolle, V., & Daubs, M. (2021). Friction-free authenticity: Mobile social networks and transactional affordances. Media, Culture & Society, 43(7), 1279–1296.
Rohidatun, et al. (2016). Development of virtual reality (VR) system with haptic controller and augmented reality (AR) system to enhance learning and training experience. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11, 8806–8809.
Pantelić, A., & Plantak Vukovac, D. (2017). The development of educational augmented reality application: A practical approach. ICERI2017 Proceedings, 8745–8752.
Faieza, A. A., Faid, A., & Win, L. L. (2019). Using marker based augmented reality for training in automotive industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(4S2), 118–121.
Aggarwal, R., & Singhal, A. (2019). Augmented reality and its effect on our life. 2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 510–515.
Oufqir, Z., El Abderrahmani, A., & Satori, K. (2020). From marker to markerless in augmented reality. Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence, 599–612.
Munoz-Montoya, F., et al. (2019). Augmented reality based on SLAM to assess spatial short-term memory. IEEE Access, 7, 2453–2466.
Kapoor, V., & Naik, P. (2020). Augmented reality-enabled education for middle schools. SN Computer Science, 1(3).
Saeedi, S., et al. (2018). Navigating the landscape for real-time localization and mapping for robotics and virtual and augmented reality. Proceedings of the IEEE, 106(11), 2020–2039.
Oufqir, Z., El Abderrahmani, A., & Satori, K. (2020). From marker to markerless in augmented reality. Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence, 599–612.
Sekhavat, Y. A., & Namani, M. S. (2018). Projection-based AR: Effective visual feedback in gait rehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 48(6), 626–636.
Ferdous, H. S., et al. (2019). 'What's happening at that hip?': Evaluating an on-body projection based augmented reality system for physiotherapy classroom. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings.
Shushan, P. (2018). Pedagogy learning-oriented augmented reality technology.
Romli, R., et al. (2021). AR@UNIMAP: A development of interactive map using augmented reality. Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
Malliga, P., Sivaranjini, S., & Routh, S. (2019). Enhancing learning experience through augmented reality manuscript track: Digital technologies in teaching.
Zaher, M., Greenwood, D., & Marzouk, M. (2018). Mobile augmented reality applications for construction projects. Construction Innovation, 18(2), 152–166.
Celik, C., Guven, G., & Cakir, N. K. (2020). Integration of mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications into biology laboratory: Anatomic structure of the heart. Research in Learning Technology, 28.
Arifitama, B., Hanan, G., & Rofiqi, M. H. (2021). Mobile augmented reality for campus visualization using markerless tracking in an Indonesian private university. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(11), 21–33.
Márquez, M., et al. (2017). Programming and testing a PLC to control a scalable industrial plant in remote way. Proceedings of 2017.
Calderón, R. R., & Arbesú, R. S. (2015). Augmented reality in automation. Procedia Computer Science, 123–128.
Nicolete, P. C., et al. (2021). Analysis of student motivation in the use of a physics augmented remote lab during the COVID-19 pandemic. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 1040–1047.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Mekanikal belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar nature.
