A SYNTHESIS OF AN AIRCRAFT APPROACH, LANDING
Keywords:
Approach & landing, landing profile, runway, overrunAbstract
All conventional aircraft flights start at a point of departure with a take-off and end at the destination with a landing. During this phase, the aircraft is transferred from the airborne state to the ground-borne state and brought to a halt. Although landing an aircraft looks simple but in reality it is difficult to predict the performance during this phase due to its very dynamic nature, a high sensitivity to piloting technique and uncertainties in aerodynamics. As this critical manoeuvre (beside takeoff) takes place in close proximity to the ground, and at a low airspeed (‘dirty’), there is a relatively a high risk to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants. A significant number of incidents and accidents occur during this crucial phase in which the aircraft could not be stopped on the runway during landing-known as overruns. Although it has been a problem for quite a long time, unfortunately, not much has been learned. This paper presents some important and interesting facts regarding runway overruns and the crucial aspects during the penultimate stages of the landing process together with the airworthiness and regulatory requirements.References
BOEING, 1959-2001, Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents (Worldwide Operations,
http://www.boeing.cominews/techissues/Dd~statsum df Retrieved 2 Jan 2008.
Flight Safety Foundation FSF, 2001. Approach-and-Landing Accident Reduction-ALAR tool kit.
Wiener, E.J. & Nagel, . , 1988. Human Factors in Aviation, Academic Press, New York.
Rosenkrans, W., 2006. Rethinking Overrun Protection, Cover Story, Aviation Safety World.
Mair, W.A. & Birdsall, D.L., 1992. Aircraft Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Wagenmakers, J., 1991. Aircraft performance Engineering, Prentice Hall, U.K.
Eshelby, M.E., 2000. Aircraft Performance, Theory and Practice, Arnold, London.
Saarlas, M., 2007. Aircraft Performance, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
Hull, D.G., 2007. Fundamental of Airplane Flight Mechanics, Springer, New York.
Rangawala, S.C. & Rangawala, P.S., 2007. Airport Engineering, Charotar Publishing, India.
AIRBUS, Airbus flight Operations Briefing Notes, 2005. Human
Performance, Visual Illusions Awareness.
Kirkland, I.D.L., Caves, R.E., Humphreys, I.M. & Pitfield, D.E., 2004. An improvement methodology for assessing risk in aircraft operations at airports, applied to runway overruns, Safety Science 42, Science Direct.
Gerard, V.E., 2006. When a Runway is Not Long Enough to Land On, Transport Canada, Aviation safety Letter Issue 1/2006, 27-28.
Veillette, P., 2006. The FAA''s New Landing Assessment Rule, Air Safety Week.
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 1999. Annex 14–Aerodromes, International Civil Aviation Organisation, Montreal.
Air Safety Week (ASW), 2005. Landing Performance Monitor Could Prevent Runway Overruns.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Mekanikal belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar nature.
